Three Months to COP31: Where Things Actually Stand

The shape of the 9–20 November summit in Antalya is now largely clear: Türkiye holds the Presidency as host, while Australia serves as President of the Negotiations. Pre-COP31 moves to Fiji on 5–8 October, with a separate leaders' gathering in Tuvalu — a preparation track running along a Mediterranean–Pacific line. Bonn failed to converge on the Global Goal on Adaptation: indicators, methodology, and the link to finance all stayed open, so those files travel to Antalya unresolved. Two agendas therefore sit side by side: the formal negotiations, and the implementation and investment agenda carried by Türkiye's Action Agenda.